Next Generation Wireless

E-UTRAN Radio Interface Protocols This section is to describe the radio-interface protocol evolution for Evolved UTRA and Evolved UTRAN [821]. This activity involves the TSG RAN working group of the 3GPP studies for evolution and has impacts both on the ... [full story]

E-UTRAN TSG Work Plan As mentioned earlier, the E-UTRAN standardization process is still going on. Only some very general technical aspects have been agreed upon in the TSG RAN meetings, and even for them the subsequent meetings can revise them ... [full story]

E-UTRAN Study Items The E-UTRAN WGs have dedicated normal meeting times to the Evolution activity, as well as separate Ad Hoc meetings. RAN WG1 held one of these Ad Hoc meetings on June 20–21, 2005 (3GPP TSG RAN WG1 Ad ... [full story]

General Features of E-UTRAN The study being carried out under the 3GPPWork Plan is focussing on supporting services provided by the packet-switched (PS) domain with activities in the following areas, at the very least. (1) services related to the radio-interface ... [full story]

Origin of E-UTRAN At the 3GPP TSG RAN #26 meeting, the Study Item description on “Evolved UTRA and UTRAN” was approved [815]. It is noted that all 3GPP TSG RAN meetings after the #26 meeting have been called 3GPP TSG ... [full story]

In this chapter, we will concentrate on the details regarding 3GPP’s Evolved UTRAN standardization process, E-UTRAN, also called 3GPP Long-Term Evolution (3GPP-LTE) standardization, or sometimes called the Super-3G technology. However, before discussing the detailed aspects of the E-UTRAN, we feel ... [full story]

The third-generation (3G) mobile networks have been deployed in many countries in the world. However, even before its deployment, its enhancement activity had already started and has been actively pursued in the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) [810, 811, 816]. ... [full story]

Cognitive Radio Products and Applications As the last section in this chapter, we would like to discuss a currently available cognitive radio product developed by Adapt4 XG1, where “XG” stands for “Next-Generation” Communications. The appearance of XG1 is shown in ... [full story]

Challenges to Implement Cognitive Radio As mentioned earlier, the research on cognitive radio technology has a very short history, which spans less than 10 years. We have to get over many technical hurdles before cognitive radios can be deployed on ... [full story]

Cognitive Radio for WRANs: IEEE 802.22 As mentioned earlier, the fight between IEEE 802.16 and IEEE 802.22 groups was about who should dominate in the technological development to reuse the UHF/UHF TV bands with the help of cognitive radio technology. ... [full story]

Cognitive Radio for WWANs In this section, we take a look at the very basic functions of a cognitive radio in a WWAN environment. Before beginning operations, cognitive radios must obtain an estimate of the PSD of the radio spectrum ... [full story]

Cognitive Radio for WMANs As discussed in Section 4.5, a WMAN will cover an area much larger than a WLAN does. The radius of a WMAN can reach several kilometers. The most widely referred standard for WMANs is IEEE 802.16, ... [full story]

Cognitive Radio for WLANs It is widely believed that the technical foundations established by WLANs provide a launching pad for cognitive radios. WLANs already incorporate essential cognitive radio features such as DFS and TPC. Also, while the RF front ends ... [full story]

Cognitive Radio for WPANs In this and the following sections, we will discuss the applications of cognitive radio technology in different wireless networks. In this section, we are going to discuss the issues on the possible application of cognitive radio ... [full story]

From SDR to Cognitive Radio SDR has now been widely accepted as the implement of choice for a variety of platforms and applications. The success in harnessing the promised flexibility and incredible processing power of the SDR has led designers ... [full story]

What is Cognitive Radio? In this section, we define cognitive radio and investigate the algorithms and types of technologies that already exist. 9.3.1 Definitions of Cognitive Radio As any newly emerging technology, the definition of “cognitive radio” can be ... [full story]

History of Cognitive Radio The cognitive radio is an emerging new technology, which is far from mature in terms of real applications in current wireless systems and networks. Today, to implement a practical cognitive radio, many hurdles should be overcome, ... [full story]

Why Cognitive Radio? The discussion on cognitive radio technology can best begin with the remark made by Ed Thomas, former Chief Engineer of the Federal Communication Commission (FCC). “If you look at the entire radio frequency (RF) up to 100 ... [full story]

Cognitive radio (CR) is a newly emerging technology [789, 790], which has been recently proposed to implement some kind of intelligence to allow a radio terminal to automatically sense, recognize, and make wise use of any available radio frequency spectrum ... [full story]

OFDM Techniques OFDM technology was developed from multi-carrier CDMA techniques. Although bulk research on OFDM has not been seen until the late 1990s, a primitive concept of OFDM first appeared in the open literature in the mid-1960s, and many discussions ... [full story]

Next-Generation CDMA Technologies As mentioned at the beginning of this chapter, the CDMA technologies used in all 3G wireless communication systems share the same core IPRs as proposed by the IS-95A standard, which was initially designed by Qualcomm Inc. in ... [full story]

A Feature Topic on B3G Wireless The authors of this book were the Guest Editors for a Feature Topic on Multiple Access Technologies for B3G Wireless Communications in the IEEE Communications Magazine, which was published in the 2005 February issue ... [full story]

Beyond 3G (B3G) wireless systems should deliver higher data transmission rates and more diverse services than current 2- to 3G systems can. The all-IP wireless architecture has emerged as the most preferred platform for B3G wireless communications. Therefore, the design ... [full story]

Some general discussions on multiple access technologies were given in some of the earlier chapters, such as Chapters 2 and 6. In this chapter, the multiple access technologies suitable for beyond 3G wireless communications are discussed. Before proceeding to the ... [full story]

Other Challenging Issues Several other technologies can be thought of as essential for B3G systems and require more research. • Ultra-wideband (UWB) techniques3 for short-range communications. • Optical wireless techniques for short-range communications. • Techniques for seamless vertical and horizontal ... [full story]

Satellite Systems in B3G Wireless There was a notion that satellites are an expensive way to deliver services and cannot compete in terms of QoS with terrestrial service providers. The satellite and terrestrial communities are changing their minds about competing ... [full story]

Networking Plan Issues DNP is considered as a subset of a more general framework: Dynamic Network Planning and Management (DNPM) – a framework dealing with planning and managing a reconfigurable network [541]. Reconfigurability and spectrum issues are changing the way ... [full story]

Ad Hoc Mobile Networking Several challenges have to be met for an ad hoc network to be possible in a B3G mobile networking environment. However, most of the challenges that apply to B3G systems in general also apply to B3G ... [full story]

Multimode and Reconfigurable Platforms A major contributor toward the convergence of platforms in the B3G era is reconfigurability, which provides technologies (SDRs) that enable terminals and network segments to dynamically adapt to the set of radio access technologies (RATs) that ... [full story]

The introduction of multimedia services into mobile communications will require mobile transmission speeds of up to 100 Mbps. Therefore, a wider frequency band than that in 3G will have to be assigned to B3G mobile communication systems. Generally speaking, mobile ... [full story]

As mentioned above, B3G systems will need to assimilate and integrate existing technologies, rather than supplant them. It is envisioned that present mobile cellular systems will be “blended into” B3G technology, which will enable mobile cellular devices to roam seamlessly ... [full story]

B3G technology requires high bandwidth in order to provide multimedia services at a lower cost than is presently the case. In the United States, B3G systems will likely migrate to the 5.2–5.9 GHz range (assuming regulatory approval). It must be ... [full story]